New Tarantula Species Was Discovered in Southeastern Arizona

A new tarantula species, Aphonopelma jacobii, has been identified in the remote forests of Arizona’s Chiricahua Mountains. This area is celebrated for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems. The discovery marks the 30th documented species of tarantula in the United States, emphasizing the ecological significance of the Madrean Sky Islands, where it was found.

This finding suggests that there could be even more unknown tarantula species within this biodiversity hotspot.

A Surprising Discovery in the Mountains

The identification of Aphonopelma jacobii originated from a case of mistaken identity. In 2019, researchers gathered several tarantulas in the Chiricahua Mountains, initially thinking they belonged to the species Aphonopelma chiricahua, also native to the region.

However, DNA analysis indicated distinct genetic markers. This confirmed the tarantulas represented an entirely new species. Following this revelation, researchers returned the next year to collect additional samples and study the species’ unique traits.

Chris Hamilton, an assistant professor at the University of Idaho and co-lead author of the study, stated that "This discovery represents the 30th species of tarantula documented from the United States." He highlighted the significance of the Chiricahua Mountains. Aphonopelma is the most species-rich tarantula genus globally, expanding our knowledge of species diversity in this crucial biodiversity hotspot.

Unique Features of Aphonopelma jacobii

Aphonopelma jacobii is notable for its black and gray body adorned with distinctive red hairs on its abdomen. This species inhabits the cooler forest regions of the Chiricahua Mountains, differing from the common stereotype that associates tarantulas solely with warm desert environments.

Researchers discovered both male and female specimens. While smaller than other tarantula species, they exhibit standard physical traits such as the powerful jaws and fangs characteristic of tarantulas.

This new species is named in honor of Michael A. Jacobi, a devoted tarantula researcher. He contributed to collecting some of the initial specimens that led to the identification of A. jacobii. Jacobi's work significantly influenced identifying this species, which now carries his name as a tribute to his efforts in tarantula research and conservation.

The discovery of A. jacobii sheds light on the Madrean Sky Islands, a series of isolated mountain ranges extending from Mexico into the southwestern United States. The Chiricahua Mountains are part of this ecosystem, serving as a transition area between desert and forest environments, supporting species that do not exist anywhere else.

The Importance of Biodiversity in the Chiricahua Mountains

The unveiling of Aphonopelma jacobii highlights the need for ongoing research in the Chiricahua Mountains. This region is increasingly recognized for its rich biodiversity. The isolated mountain ranges provide environment refuges that many species adapt to, away from surrounding arid deserts. Hence, the Madrean Sky Islands are vital for conservation, with many endemic species, such as A. jacobii, found there.

Researchers believe that exploring the Chiricahua Mountains further could reveal additional new tarantula species and other organisms. "This region is poorly sampled," Hamilton remarked. "Our findings suggest more undiscovered species await."

The finding of A. jacobii in the mountains challenges the common association of tarantulas with desert habitats. It paves the way for new research opportunities into their adaptability and the role these spiders play in maintaining ecological balance in forest environments.

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